PC Helper for Friends

How-To: Keep Your Files Secure

2009-07-12T03:54:00.000-07:00

These days, privacy is getting pretty hard to come by. Your boss checks your Facebook, your mom sees what you’re looking at on YouTube, and anyone who Googles your name can find out about that embarrassing incident at the IHOP.

That’s why we think you should at least be able to find some peace of mind on your own PC. With that in mind, we’ve prepared a quick guide for keeping files and folders on your computer hidden from prying eyes. We’ll cover four different ways to accomplish this, from the mundane to the nigh-unbreakable.

Method 1: Hide Folders
Alright, the first and easiest method for hiding files is the one that’s built into Windows. You’re almost certainly already familiar with it: The good old fashioned “Hide Folder” option. To hide a folder this way, all you do is right click on it, then click on the Hidden checkbox in the properties.

This will make the folder invisible to the file explorer, as long as the “”Do not show hidden files and folders” setting is selected in the folder options. If this option is not selected, the folder will still be visible, but slightly ghosted. Because it’s so easy to find folder hidden this way, it’s a technique that should only be used against someone who isn’t actually trying to snoop through your files.

Who this is going to fool: Your Mom, a small child

Method 2: Locked Archive

Method number two is definitely more secure, and not much more difficult to do than the first method. Here, we’ll hide sensitive files or folders by stashing them inside an encrypted (password locked) archive file. Almost any file archiver as the ability to encrypt a .ZIP archive, but the default encryption algorithm for many programs, called ZIPCrypto, is not terribly secure and can be cracked using programs available on the internet. Instead, make sure you use a program that can use very secure AES 256 bit encryption. Example of these include 7-Zip, PeaZip, and WinZIP. Windows’ built-in ZIP app does NOT do AES 256 b it encryption.

There are two issues to consider with locked archives. First, the encryption is only as strong as the password you choose, so pick a password that’s at least 10 characters long and has a mix of letters (upper and lower case), numbers and symbols. Even if it’s fairly long, a password that is a word is susceptible to a quick dictionary attack. Second, although the archive hides the contained files from peeping Toms, the archive itself is plainly visible. You can try to disguise the file as something else, but a big, encrypted archive is always suspicious.

Who this is going to fool: Probably nobody, but they’re going to have to waterboard you if they want to know what’s inside

Method 3: Steganography

Alright, enough of the boring methods, let’s get down to the James Bond stuff. Steganography is like cryptography, in that its goal is to hide a message from 3rd parties, but it goes a step further, demanding that the 3rd party not be able to tell that the hidden data even exists. Commonly, this is done by disguising one sort of file as another sort of file, or hiding it in a big pile of random data.
How can you get started with steganography? If you just want to impress your (easily impressed) friends, you can use one of a couple of web apps. Mozaiq is a site which allows you to hide a secret message inside a .png or .jpeg. It’s very limited (128kb image, 1024 characters max for your secret message) but it couldn’t be any easier: Just upload your image (or choose one of their stock photos), enter your message and an optional password, then click Hide Your Message! You can give the picture and password to anyone you want, and they can read the hidden message by going to the mozaiq decryption page.

If you want to hide one whole file, and not just a secret message inside another file, the maxant Steganography app has you covered. This is good for hiding single files, but if you’re looking to conceal a whole bunch of data, you’re going to need a more heavy duty solution. For that, read on.

Who this is going to fool: Anyone but a data forensics expert

Method 4: TrueCrypt

Finally, it’s time for the big guns: TrueCrypt. We’ve mentioned TrueCrypt several times before (as a means to secure a USB thumb drive, for instance) and with good reason; it’s simply the best solution for encrypting your data. However, it has another, sneakier feature that we haven’t yet covered, which allows you to place a hidden volume inside another encrypted volume.

How does it work? To understand that, you need to know how a standard TrueCrypt volume works. When you create an encrypted volume with TrueCrypt, you specify its size, like you would when creating a disk partition. The hidden volume will always occupy exactly this much space, regardless of how many files you put into it. Any space in the volume not occupied by encrypted data is filled with random data. To anyone without the passphrase, the encrypted data is completely indistinguishable from the random data. To anyone with the passphrase, the encrypted data can be decrypted, but the unused space remains totally random.

This creates an opportunity to hide more data. By encrypting additional data with a different passphrase and inserting it among the random data at the end of a volume, TrueCrypt creates an encrypted volume with two different Passphrases, each of which provides access to a different set of data. You can fill one of these volumes with decoy data, so that even if you ever need to give away a password you can give up the decoy password, and nobody will ever be able to prove that another volume even exists.

The process to create a hidden TrueCrypt volume is pretty simple. Just follow these steps:
Download TrueCrypt—which is free and open source—from its website. Run the executable; it doesn’t matter whether you choose to extract or install it. Go to where you extracted the files and run truecrypt.exe.

Next, click the Create Volume button.

Choose Create an encrypted file container, then Hidden TrueCrypt Volume, then Normal Mode.

You will now be guided through the necessary steps to create an outer volume. Choose a filename for the volume, a size and a password. Don’t worry about messing with the encryption. When given the opportunity, shake the mouse around in the window and press Format (don’t worry, this won’t format your hard drive).

Once the first (outer) volume is completed, you’ll repeat the process for the hidden volume. Choose a size that gives you enough room to plant decoy data in the outer volume, and pick a significantly different passphrase.

There! Now you’ve created your hidden volume. Now you can access it at any time by clicking Select file, browsing to the volume, then clicking on Mount from the main TrueCrypt screen and entering either the decoy or real passphrase.

Who this is going to fool: The KG-freakin’-B

Speed Up Windows Vista

2009-07-12T01:16:00.000-07:00

Windows Vista is a huge visual improvement over Windows XP - its animated window motions, visual Alt-Tab functions, and overall more appealing user interface make it quite the eye candy. There are feature improvements too like a better search function, desktop gadget support, and a whole lot more.

But do you know what many have noticed? Windows Vista can be slow - very slow. Even if your computer hardware exceeds the recommendations, you may find that Windows Vista can sometimes move at a snail's pace. If you haven't been happy with Windows Vista's response time, give some of these tips a try.

Change the Start Menu Power Button Action in Windows Vista

By default, the start menu power button in Windows Vista is set to sleep mode. While this may be fine for some, you may want the power button to put your PC in hibernate mode or, more likely, you'd like the power button to simply shut down your PC.

If you haven't changed the start menu power button but still shut down your PC every night, you know very well that it's a multi-mouse-click process. In other words, a waste of time. Reconfiguring the start menu power button will probably shave a few seconds off this daily process.

Follow these easy steps to change the start menu power button action in Windows Vista.

1. Click on Start and then Control Panel.

Tip: In a hurry? Type power options in the search box after clicking Start and press Enter. Skip to Step 4.

2. Click on the Hardware and Sound link.

Note: If you're viewing the Classic View of Control Panel, you won't see this link. Simply double-click on the Power Options icon and proceed to Step 4.

3. Click on the Power Options link.

4. In the Select a power plan area, click on the Change plan settings link under the preferred plan for your PC.

5. Click on the Change advanced power settings link.

6. In the Advanced settings window, click on the + next to Power buttons and lid to show the available options.

7. Under the Power buttons and lid option, click on the + next to Start menu power button.

8. Click on Setting: under the Start menu power button option to reveal a drop-down box.

9. Choose either Sleep, Hibernate, or Shut down.

Most users will prefer to set the start menu power button to Shut down to easily power off the PC.

10. Click OK and then close the Edit Plan Settings window.

That's it! From now on, when you click on the start menu power button, it will perform the action that you designated in the last step.

Automatically Log On To a User Account in Windows Vista

As long as security isn't a big concern, configuring Windows Vista to log on to your user account automatically can save you some serious time and effort when your computer is starting up.

Just follow the easy steps outlined below to make Windows Vista automatically log on to your user account. After completing these steps, Windows Vista will stop prompting you for a user name and password on startup!

1. Click on Start, type the following command in the search box, and then hit the Enter key.

netplwiz
This command will load the Advanced User Accounts control panel.

2. In the Users tab, uncheck the box next to Users must enter a user name and password to use this computer.

3. Click on the Apply button at the bottom of the User Accounts window.

4. When the Automatically Log On dialog box appears, enter your password in the two fields where it's asked and then click OK.

5. Click OK on the User Accounts window to complete the process.

From now on, when your PC starts up, Windows Vista will log on automatically.

Disable Low Disk Space Checks In Windows Vista

When your hard drive is nearly out of free space, Windows Vista will warn you with a little pop-up box. This can be handy the first time but that's usually where the usefulness stops.

Aside from being annoying, Vista's constant check for low drive space uses system resources which can slow Windows down.

Follow the easy steps to turn off the low disk space checks in Windows Vista.

Note: Changes to the Windows Registry are made in these steps. Take great care in making only the registry key changes described below. I recommend backing up the registry keys you're modifying in these steps as an extra precaution.

1. Click on Start, type the following command in the search box, and then hit the Enter key.

regedit
This command will load the Registry Editor program.

Note: Changes to the registry are made in these steps. Take great care in making only the changes described below.

2. Locate the HKEY_CURRENT_USER folder under Computer and click on the (+) sign next the folder name to expand the folder.

3. Continue to expand folders until you reach the HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion registry key.

4. Select the Policies key under CurrentVersion.

5. From the Registry Editor menu, choose Edit, followed by New, followed finally by Key.

6. After the key is created beneath Policies, it will initially be named New Key #1.

Change the name of the key to Explorer by typing it exactly as shown and then hitting the Enter key.

7. With the new key, Explorer, still selected, choose Edit, followed by New, followed finally by DWORD (32-bit) Value.

8. After the DWORD is created beneath Explorer, it will initially be named New Value #1.

Change the name of the DWORD to NoLowDiskSpaceChecks by typing it exactly as shown and then hitting the Enter key.

9. Right-click on the new NoLowDiskSpaceChecks DWORD you just created and choose Modify.

In the Value data: field, replace the zero with the number 1.

11. Click OK and close Registry Editor.

Windows Vista will no longer warn you about low disk space on any of your hard drives.

Disable Thumbnail Previews in Windows Vista Explorer

By default, Windows Vista generates a preview thumbnail for nearly every file when viewed in Windows Explorer. Yes - thumbnails can be really useful for quick photo viewing, but disabling these thumbnail previews in Windows Explorer can really speed things up.

Disabling Vista's thumbnail previews in Windows Explorer is really easy to do and should really improve response time when browsing around your drives.

1. Click on the Start button.

Tip: Are you quicker on the keyboard than on the mouse? Type windows explorer in the search box and hit the Enter key. Skip to Step 4.

2. Choose All Programs, right above the search box.

3. Click on the Accessories folder and then the Windows Explorer link.

4. After Windows Explorer loads, click on the Organize button and choose Folder and Search Options from the menu.

5. In the Folder Options window, click on the View tab.

6. Under the Files and Folders heading, check the box next to Always show icons, never thumbnails.

7.Click the OK button.

From now on, no matter which view you're using in a folder in Windows Explorer, no thumbnail will be generated. This should greatly increase the speed at which you can move between folders and may even speed up copying and other tasks in Windows Vista.

To add a printer

2009-07-11T18:27:00.000-07:00

You can add a printer connected directly to your computer (called a local printer), add a printer to the network, or connect to a shared printer.

Add or remove a printer

To print, you need to connect a printer directly to your computer (when it is connected in this way, it's referred to as a local printer), or create a connection to a network or shared printer.

To add a local printer

First, connect the printer to your computer following the manufacturer's instructions. Windows will attempt to automatically install the printer. If Windows can't automatically install it, or if you've previously removed the printer and want to add it again, follow these steps:

1. Open Printers by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, clicking Hardware and Sound, and then clicking Printers.

2. Click Add a printer.

3. In the Add Printer Wizard, select Add a local printer.

4. On the Choose a printer port page, make sure that the Use an existing port option button and the recommended printer port are selected, and then click Next.

5. On the Install the printer driver page, select the printer manufacturer and model, and then click Next.

Notes
If your printer is not listed but you have the manufacturer's installation CD, click Have disk, and then browse to the folder where the printer driver is stored. For help, refer to the manufacturer's instructions.
If you don't have the installation CD, click Windows Update, and then wait while Windows checks for available drivers.

6. Complete the additional steps in the wizard, and then click Finish.

To add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer

Before you begin, make sure you know the name of the printer that you want to add. Sometimes the name is displayed on the printer itself. If the name is not on the printer, contact the printer owner or your network administrator to find out the printer's name before following the steps below.

1. Open Printers by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, clicking Hardware and Sound, and then clicking Printers.

2. Click Add a printer.

3. In the Add Printer Wizard, select Add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer.

4. In the list of available printers, select the one you want to use, and then click Next. If your computer is connected to a network, only printers listed in Active Directory for your domain are displayed in the list.

5. If prompted, install the printer driver on your computer. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

6. Complete the additional steps in the wizard, and then click Finish.

To remove a printer
Note: You can't remove a printer if you have items in the print queue. If items are waiting to print when you try to remove a printer, Windows will wait until printing is complete, and then remove the printer. If you have permission to manage documents on the printer, you can also cancel all print jobs and then try to remove the printer again. For more information, see Cancel printing and What are printer permissions?

1. Open Printers by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, clicking Hardware and Sound, and then clicking Printers.

2. Right-click the printer that you want to remove, and then click Delete.

If you can't delete the printer, right-click it again, click Run as administrator, and then click Delete. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

To add a wired device

2009-07-11T18:26:00.000-07:00

Turn on the device and plug it into a hub, switch, or router or into a computer that is plugged into a hub, switch, or router. The device should now be connected to the network.

To confirm that you added the device, do the following:

• Open Network by clicking the Start button , and then clicking Network.

You should see an icon for the device. If the device is a printer, you might need to enable printer sharing so that other computers on the network can use it. (Printer sharing is not included in Windows Vista Starter.

To add a wireless device that is not Windows Connect Now-compatible

2009-07-11T18:24:00.000-07:00

1. Turn on the device.

2. Follow the instructions in the information that came with the device.

When you are finished adding the device, log on to a network computer.

To confirm that you added the device, do the following:

Open Network by clicking the Start button , and then clicking Network.

You should see an icon for the device. If the device is a printer, you might need to enable printer sharing so that other computers on the network can use it. (Printer sharing is not included in Windows Vista Starter.)

What is Windows Connect Now?

2009-07-11T18:15:00.001-07:00

Microsoft Windows Connect Now (WCN) is a technology designed to address the need for a simple and more secure way to configure network devices and computers. In addition to easier device configuration, you can use WCN to save wireless network settings to a USB flash drive and then plug that drive into devices (such as routers) and computers so you can quickly and easily add them to a network.

NoteWindows Connect Now is easier to use and more secure than manual network configuration methods, but you must have WCN-compatible devices to take advantage of it. Check the information that came with your device to see if it is WCN-compatible, or look for a "Certified for Windows Vista" or "Works with Windows Vista" logo on the device itself or the device packaging.

To take advantage of the latest Windows Connect Now technology, you’ll need:

• A computer running Windows Vista.

• WCN-compatible devices, such as routers and printers.

• A USB flash drive (if you want to use the USB configuration option).

The Windows Connect Now options are:

• USB Configuration. You can put wireless network settings on a USB flash drive and then insert that drive into another computer or a WCN-compatible device such as a router or printer.

• Wired (Ethernet) Configuration. Using an Ethernet cable, you can connect a router or access point to a computer running Windows Vista, and then run a wizard to configure the router or access point. Once the device is configured, you can add additional devices to the network wirelessly.

• Wireless Configuration. This is the same as Wired (Ethernet) Configuration, but without the cables.

• Wireless Join a Network. You can connect to a wireless router or access point that is already configured.

For information about setting up a network with or without Windows Connect Now, see Setting up a home network. For information about adding devices or computers to a network, with or without Windows Connect Now, see Add a device or computer to a network.

To add a Windows Connect Now-compatible wireless device

2009-07-11T18:12:00.000-07:00

The "Certified for Window Vista" and "Works with Window Vista" logos indicate that a device is compatible with Microsoft Windows Connect Now (WCN), a technology that simplifies configuration of network devices. For more information about WCN, see What is Windows Connect Now?.
1.
Turn on the device.
2.
Click the Start button ,
3.
In Control Panel, click Control Panel Home, and then click Network and Internet.
4.
Under Network and Sharing Center, click Add a device to the network.
5.
Follow the instructions on your screen. When you are finished adding the device, log on to a network computer.
6.
To confirm that you added the device, do the following:
Open Network by clicking the Start button , and then clicking Network.
You should see an icon for the device. If the device is a printer, you might need to enable printer sharing so that other computers on the network can use it. (Printer sharing is not included in Windows Vista Starter.)

To add a wired (Ethernet) computer running Windows XP

2009-07-11T18:02:00.000-07:00

1. Plug the computer into a hub, switch, or router and then turn it on. (If your home has Ethernet wiring and you have a jack in the room where the computer is, you can plug the computer into the Ethernet jack instead.)

2. Log on to the computer as an administrator.

3. Click Start, right-click My Computer, and then click Properties.

4. Click the Computer Name tab, and then click Change.

5. If the workgroup name is not WORKGROUP, change the name to WORKGROUP, and then click OK.

NoteIf you had to change the workgroup name, you will be prompted to restart your computer. After you restart, click Start, and then click My Network Places. In the left pane, under Network Tasks, click View workgroup computers. You should see icons for the other computers that are currently part of your network.

To manually add a wireless computer running Windows Vista

2009-07-11T17:56:00.000-07:00

1. Log on to the computer.

2. Click the Start button ‌, and then click Connect To.

3. Choose the wireless network from the list that appears, and then click Connect.

4. Type the network security key or passphrase if you are asked to do so, and then click OK.

You will see a confirmation message when you are connected to the network.

To confirm that you added the computer, do the following:

Open Network by clicking the Start button , and then clicking Network.

You should see icons for the computer you added and for the other computers and devices that are part of the network.

To manually add a wireless computer running Windows XP
1. Log on to the computer as an administrator.

2. Click Start, right-click My Computer, and then click Properties.

3. Click the Computer Name tab, and then click Change.

4. If the workgroup name is not WORKGROUP, change the name to WORKGROUP, and then click OK. Otherwise, click Cancel to close the Computer Name Changes dialog box.

NoteIf you have to change the workgroup name, you will be prompted to restart your computer. Restart the computer, and then continue with the steps below.

5. Click Start, click Control Panel, click Network and Internet Connections, and then click Network Connections.

6. Click the wireless network connection icon, and then, under Network Tasks, click View available wireless networks.

7. Choose the wireless network from the list that appears, and then click Connect.

Add a device or computer to a network

2009-07-11T17:39:00.001-07:00

Applies to all editions of Windows Vista.
Which edition of Windows Vista am I using?

If you have a wireless network, you must first run the Set Up a Wireless Router or Access Point wizard on at least one computer on your network before following these steps. If you haven't done this, see Setting up a home network.

To add a wireless computer running Windows Vista or Windows XP by using a USB flash drive .

To manually add a wireless computer running Windows Vista.

To manually add a wireless computer running Windows XP.

To add a wired (Ethernet) computer running Windows XP.

To add a Windows Connect Now-compatible wireless device.

To add a Windows Connect Now-compatible wireless device.

To add a wireless device that is not Windows Connect Now-compatible.

To add a wired device.

To add a printer.

To add a wireless computer running Windows Vista or Windows XP by using a USB flash drive

2009-07-11T17:35:00.000-07:00

If you have your settings saved to a USB flash drive, you can use the flash drive to add computers to your network.

1. Log on to the computer.

2. Plug the USB flash drive into a USB port on the computer.

3. For a computer running Windows Vista, in the AutoPlay dialog box, click Wireless Network Setup Wizard.
– or –
For a computer running Windows XP, in the USB flash drive dialog box, click Wireless Network Setup Wizard.

You might be prompted to restart the computer.

NoteTo save your settings to a USB flash drive, do this:
a. Open Network by clicking the Start button , and then clicking Network.

b. Click Add a wireless device, and then follow the steps in the wizard.

Block spam and other unwanted e‑mail for Vista

2009-07-11T05:35:00.000-07:00

Windows Mail helps you manage your Inbox to keep it free of unwanted e‑mail messages in the following ways:

• The junk e‑mail filter is designed to catch obvious unsolicited commercial e‑mail messages (often called "spam") and move them to a special Junk e‑mail folder. You can increase or decrease the junk e‑mail protection level based on how much junk e‑mail you receive.

• You can move e‑mail messages from the Junk e‑mail folder back to your Inbox.

• You can block messages from specific e‑mail addresses by adding them to the Blocked Senders list.

• You can prevent the blocking of messages from specific e‑mail addresses by adding them to the Safe Senders list.

Change the junk e‑mail protection level

1. Open Windows Mail by clicking the Start button , clicking All Programs, and then clicking Windows Mail.

2. Click the Tools menu, and then click Junk e‑mail Options.

3. Select the protection level you want:

• No Automatic Filtering. Click this option if you want to stop blocking junk e‑mail messages altogether. However, Windows Mail will continue to block messages from domain names and e‑mail addresses on your Blocked Senders list.

• Low. Click this option if you don't receive many junk e‑mail messages and want to block only the most obvious junk e‑mail messages.

• High. Click this option if you receive a large volume of junk e‑mail messages and want to block as many as possible. However, you should periodically review the messages in your Junk e‑mail folder to ensure that there are not any legitimate e‑mail messages that might have been moved there as well.

• Safe List Only. Click this option if you only want to receive messages from people or domain names on your Safe Senders list. E‑mail messages from people or domain names not on your Safe Senders list will be treated as junk e‑mail messages, so you should only choose this option if you are certain that every person or domain name you want to receive messages from is on your Safe Senders list.

Move a message from the Junk e‑mail folder to your Inbox

1. Open Windows Mail by clicking the Start button , clicking All Programs, and then clicking Windows Mail.

2. Click the Junk e‑mail folder.

3. Click the message that you want to move to your Inbox.

4. Click the Message menu, point to Junk e‑mail, and then click Mark as Not Junk. The message is moved to your Inbox.

NoteThough marking a message as not junk will move that message to your Inbox, future messages from that sender might still end up in the Junk e‑mail folder. To prevent this from happening, add the sender to the Safe Senders list.

Add a sender to the Blocked Senders list

When a message is received from an e‑mail address that's on the Blocked Senders list, it is automatically moved to the Junk e‑mail folder. The only exception is if the address is also on the Safe Senders list, in which case the message won't be filed as junk because the Safe Senders list has priority over the Blocked Senders list.

1. Open Windows Mail by clicking the Start button , clicking All Programs, and then clicking Windows Mail.

2. Click a message from the sender that you want to add to the Blocked Senders list.

3. Click the Message menu, point to Junk e‑mail, and then do one of the following:

• To block all future messages from that specific sender, click Add Sender to Blocked Senders List.

• To block all messages from any sender whose domain name (the portion of the e‑mail address after the @) is the same as the sender's, click Add Sender's Domain (@example.com) to Blocked Senders List.

Note: If you want to add a sender to the Blocked Senders list and you don't have a message from that sender available, you can add the sender's address manually. To do this, click the Message menu, point to Junk e‑mail, and then click Junk e‑mail Options. Click the Blocked Senders tab, click Add, type the e‑mail address you'd like to block, and then click OK.

Add a sender to the Safe Senders list

When a message is received from an e‑mail address that's on the Safe Senders list, it won't be moved to the Junk e‑mail folder.

1. Open Windows Mail by clicking the Start button , clicking All Programs, and then clicking Windows Mail.

2. Click a message from the sender that you want to add to the Safe Senders list.

3. Click the Message menu, point to Junk e‑mail, and then do one of the following:

• To allow all future messages from that specific sender, click Add Sender to Safe Senders List.

• To allow all messages from any sender whose domain name is the same as the sender's, click Add Sender's Domain (@example.com) to Safe Senders List.

NoteIf you want to add a sender to the Safe Senders list and you don't have a message from that sender available, you can add the sender's address manually. To do this, click the Message menu, point to Junk e‑mail, and then click Junk e‑mail Options. Click the Safe Senders tab, click Add, type the e‑mail address you'd like to allow, and then click OK.

What you need to set up a home network

2009-07-06T02:15:00.000-07:00

The variety of options for home networking can make buying decisions difficult. Before you decide what hardware to get, you should decide what type of network technology (the way computers in a Network connect to or communicate with one another) to use. This article describes and compares the most common network technologies and lists hardware requirements for each.

Network technologies
The most common types of network technology are wireless, Ethernet, and HomePNA (home phone line), and Powerline. When choosing a network technology, consider the location of your computers and the desired speed of your network. The costs of these technologies are similar. The sections below compare these four technologies.
Hide allShow allHide all

Wireless
Wireless networks use radio waves to send information between computers. The three most common wireless network standards are 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11a. A new standard, 802.11n, is expected to grow in popularity.
Speed
•
802.11b: transfers data at a maximum rate of 11 megabits per second (Mbps). Downloading a 10 megabyte (MB) photo from the Internet under optimal conditions takes about 7 seconds.
•
802.11g: transfers data at a maximum rate of 54 Mbps. Downloading a 10 megabyte (MB) photo from the Internet under optimal conditions takes about 1.5 seconds.
•
802.11a: transfers data at a maximum rate of 54 Mbps. Downloading a 10 megabyte (MB) photo from the Internet under optimal conditions takes about 1.5 seconds.
•
802.11n: depending upon the number of data streams the hardware supports, 802.11n can theoretically transmit data at up to 150 Mbps, 300 Mbps, 450 Mbps, or 600 Mbps.
NoteThe transfer times listed are under ideal conditions. They aren't necessarily achievable under normal circumstances because of differences in hardware, web servers, network traffic conditions, and so on.
Pros
•
It's easy to move computers around because there are no cables.
•
Wireless networks are usually easier to install than Ethernet.
Cons
•
Wireless is often slower than the other three technologies.
•
Wireless can be affected by interference from things such as walls, large metal objects, and pipes. Also, many cordless phones and microwave ovens can interfere with wireless networks when they're in use.
•
Wireless networks are typically about half as fast as their rated speed under all but ideal conditions.

Ethernet
Ethernet networks use Ethernet cables to send information between computers.
Speed
Ethernet transfers data at either 10, 100, or 1000 Mbps, depending on the type of cables used. Gigabit Ethernet is the fastest, with a transfer rate of 1 gigabit per second (or 1000 Mbps).
(For example, downloading a 10 megabyte [MB] photo from the Internet under optimal conditions takes about 8 seconds on a 10 Mbps network, about 1 second on a 100 Mbps network, and less than a second on a 1000 Mbps network.)
Pros
•
Ethernet networks are inexpensive and fast.
Cons
•
Ethernet cables must be run between each computer and to a hub, switch, or router, which can be time-consuming and difficult when the computers are in different rooms.

HomePNA
HomePNA networks use existing home telephone wires to send information between computers.
Speed
HomePNA 2.0 transfers data at 10 Mbps. HomePNA 3.0 transfers data at 128 Mbps.
(For example, downloading a 10 megabyte [MB] photo from the Internet under optimal conditions takes about 8 seconds on a HomePNA 2.0 network and about 1 second on a HomePNA 3.0 network.)
Pros
•
HomePNA uses the existing telephone wiring in your home.
•
You don't need hubs or switches to connect more than two computers in a HomePNA network.
Cons
•
You need a phone jack in each room where you want to have a computer, and all jacks must be on the same phone line.

Powerline
Powerline networks use existing home electrical wiring to send information between computers.
Speed
A Powerline network can transfer data at up to 200 Mbps.
For example, downloading a 10 megabyte (MB) photo from the Internet under optimal conditions can take less than a second on a Powerline network.
Pros
•
Powerline uses the existing electrical wiring in your home.
•
You don't need hubs or switches to connect more than two computers in a Powerline network.
Cons
•
You need an electrical outlet in each room where you want to have a computer.
•
Powerline networks can be affected by interference and "noise" on the line.

Hardware requirements
There are several kinds of hardware used in home networks.
•
Network adapters: These adapters (also called network interface cards, or NICs) connect computers to a network so that they can communicate. A network adapter can be connected to the USB port on your computer or installed inside your computer in an available Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) expansion slot.

Wireless, Ethernet, and HomePNA network adapters
•
Network hubs and switches: Hubs and switches connect two or more computers to an Ethernet network. A switch costs a little more than a hub, but it speeds up the transfer rate of information.

Ethernet hub
•
Routers and access points: Routers connect computers and networks to each other (for example, a router can connect your home network to the Internet). Routers also enable you to share a single Internet connection among several computers. Routers can be wired or wireless. You don't need to use a router for a wired network but we recommend it if you want to share an Internet connection. Access points turn wired Ethernet networks into wireless networks. If you want to share an Internet connection over a wireless network, you will need a wireless router or an access point.

Access point (left); wired router (center); wireless router (right)
•
Modems: Computers use modems to send and receive information over telephone or cable lines. You will need a modem if you want to connect to the Internet.

Cable modem
•
Network cables (Ethernet and HomePNA only): Network cables connect computers to each other and to other related hardware, such as hubs and routers.

Ethernet and HomePNA cables.

It's a good idea to find out what kind of network adapters your computers have, if any. You might decide to go with a certain technology because you already have most of the hardware, or you might decide to upgrade your hardware. A combination of technologies might work best for your environment. For example, many people use a wireless router, which accommodates both wired Ethernet connections for desktop computers and wireless connections for laptops. For recommended layouts and information about assembling your network, see Setting up a home network.

Universal Serial Bus - USB

2009-06-23T07:55:00.000-07:00

Definition: Abbreviated USB, it is a standard type of connection for many different kinds of devices. Generally, it refers to the types of cables, ports and connectors used to connect these many types of external devices to computers.
The Universal Serial Bus standard is a popular one. USB ports and cables are used to connect devices such as printers, scanners, flash drives, external hard drives and more to a computer. In fact, USB has become so popular, it's even used in nontraditional computer-like devices such as video game consoles, wireless phones and more.
Also Known As: USB

Floppy Disk Drive

2009-06-23T07:54:00.001-07:00

What is a Floppy Disk Drive?
The floppy disk drive reads data from and writes data to a small disk. The most common type is the 3.5" drive followed by the completely obsolete 5.25" drive, among other sizes.
The Floppy Disk Drive is Also Known As
floppy drive, disk drive, diskette drive, 3.5" drive, 5.25" drive
Important Floppy Disk Drive Facts
While still a component of many existing computers, floppy drives are moving slowly into obsolescence as the popularity of flash drives and other portable media drives increase. In fact, the floppy disk drive is no longer standard equipment on many new computer systems today.
Floppy drives that install inside of a computer case are becoming less and less available. Typically, the best option when adding a floppy drive will be to purchase an external one, probably USB based.
Floppy Disk Drive Description
A 3.5" floppy drive is about the size and weight of a few decks of cards. Some external USB versions are only slightly larger than floppy disks themselves. The front of the drive has a slot to insert the disk into and a small button to eject it.
The sides of the floppy drive have pre drilled, threaded holes for easy mounting in the 3.5 inch drive bay in the computer case. Mounting is also possible in a larger 5.25 inch drive bay with an adapter available at computer supply stores. The floppy drive is mounted so the end with the connections faces inside the computer and the slot for the disk faces outside.
The back end of the floppy drive contains a port for a standard cable that connects to the motherboard. Also here is a connection for power from the power supply.

Optical Disc Drive

2009-06-23T07:52:00.000-07:00

What is an Optical Disc Drive?
Optical drives retreive and/or store data on optical discs like CDs and DVDs which hold much more information than classic portable media options like the floppy disk.
The Optical Disc Drive is Also Known As
optical drive, CD drive, DVD drive, disc drive
Important Optical Disc Drive Facts
Most optical drives can play and/or record onto a large number of different disc formats. Popular formats include CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-RAM, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-R DL and DVD+R DL. Reference your optical drive's manual before purchasing media for your drive to avoid incompatibility issues.
Popular Optical Disc Drive Manufacturers
Lite-On IT, Memorex, NEC
Optical Disc Drive Description
An optical drive is about the size of a thick soft cover book. The front of the drive has a small Open/Close button that ejects and retracts the drive bay door. This is how media like CDs and DVDs are inserted into and removed from the drive.
The sides of the optical drive have pre drilled, threaded holes for easy mounting in the 5.25 inch drive bay in the computer case. The optical drive is mounted so the end with the connections faces inside the computer and the end with the drive bay faces outside.
The back end of the optical drive contains a port for a cable that connects to the motherboard. The type of cable used will depend on the type of drive but is almost always included with an optical drive purchase. Also here is a connection for power from the power supply.
Most optical drives also have jumper settings on the back end that define how the motherboard is to recognize the drive when more than one is present. These settings vary from drive to drive so check with your optical drive manufacturer for details.

Power Supply Unit(PSU)

2009-06-23T07:51:00.000-07:00

What is a Power Supply?
The power supply's job is to convert the power provided from the outlet into usable power for the many parts inside the computer case.
The Power Supply is Also Known As
PSU (power supply unit), power pack, power converter
Important Power Supply Facts
Motherboards, cases and power supplies all come in different sizes called form factors. All three must be compatible to work properly together.
Power supplies are not typically user serviceable. For your safety, it's usually wise to never open a power supply unit.
Popular Power Supply Manufacturers
CoolMax, Ultra, (Most power supplies come preinstalled in computer cases)
Power Supply Description
The power supply is mounted just inside the back of the case.
The side facing outside the case has a male, three pronged port that a power cable, connected to a power source, plugs into. There is also often a power switch and a power supply voltage switch.
Large bundles of colored wires extend from the opposite side of the power supply into the computer. Connectors at the opposite ends of the wires connect to various components inside the computer. Some are specifically designed to plug in to the motherboard while others have connectors that fit into fans, floppy drives, hard drives, optical drives, and even some high powered video cards.
Power supplies are rated by wattage to show how much power they can provide to the computer. Since each computer part requires a certain amount of power to function properly, it's important to have a power supply that can provide the right amount.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

2009-06-23T07:50:00.000-07:00

What is RAM?
Random Access Memory (RAM) is the "working memory" in a computer. Additional RAM allows a computer to work with more information at the same time which can have a dramatic effect on total system performance.
RAM is Also Known As
main memory, internal memory, primary storage, memory "stick", RAM "stick"
Important RAM Facts
RAM is typically referred to simply as "memory" even though other types of memory may exist inside a computer.
Each motherboard supports only a certain range of memory types in certain combinations so always check with your motherboard manufacturer before making a purchase.
Popular RAM Manufacturers
Kingston, PNY, Crucial Technology
RAM Description
A standard "module" or "stick" of desktop memory is long, thin and resembles a short ruler. The bottom of the memory module has one or more notches to guide for proper installation and is lined with numerous, usually gold-plated connectors.
Memory is installed in memory module slots located on the motherboard. These slots are easily locatable by looking for the small hinges on either side that lock the memory in place. Certain sizes of modules may need to be installed in certain slots so always check with your motherboard manufacturer before purchase or installation.
Memory modules come with various storage capabilities. Modern memory modules can be purchased in 256MB, 512MB, 1GB, 2GB, and 4GB sizes.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

2009-06-23T07:49:00.000-07:00

What is a CPU?
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is responsible for interpreting and executing most of the commands from the computer's hardware and software. It is often called the "brains" of the computer.
The CPU is Also Known As
processor, microprocessor, central processor, "the brains of the computer"
Important CPU Facts
Not all CPUs have pins on their bottom sides, but in the ones that do, the pins are easily bent. Take great care when handling, especially when installing onto the motherboard.
Each motherboard supports only a certain range of CPU types so always check with your motherboard manufacturer before making a purchase.
Popular CPU Manufacturers
Intel, AMD
CPU Description
A modern CPU is usually small and square with many short, rounded, metallic connectors on its underside. Some older CPUs have pins instead metallic connectors.
The CPU attaches directly to a CPU "socket" (or sometimes a "slot") on the motherboard. The CPU is inserted into the socket pin-side-down and a small lever helps to secure the processor.
After running even a short while, modern CPUs can get very hot. To help dissipate this heat, it is necessary to attach a heat sink and a small fan directly on top of the CPU. Typically, these come bundled with a CPU purchase. Other more advanced cooling options are also available.

Hard Drive

2009-06-23T07:48:00.000-07:00

What is a Hard Disk Drive?
The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a computer. The operating system, software titles and most other files are stored in the hard disk drive.
The Hard Disk Drive is Also Known As
HDD (abbreviation), hard drive, hard disk, fixed drive, fixed disk, fixed disk drive
Important Hard Disk Drive Facts
The hard drive is sometimes referred to as the "C: drive" due to the fact that Microsoft Windows designates the "C" drive letter to the primary partition on the primary hard drive in a computer by default. While this is not a very technically correct term to use, it is still common. For example, some computers have multiple drive letters (i.e. C, D, E) representing areas across one or more hard drives.
Popular Hard Disk Drive Manufacturers
Seagate, Western Digital, Hitachi
Hard Disk Drive Description
A hard drive is usually the size of a paperback book but much heavier.
The sides of the hard drive have pre drilled, threaded holes for easy mounting in the 3.5 inch drive bay in the computer case. Mounting is also possible in a larger 5.25 inch drive bay with an adapter available at computer supply stores. The hard drive is mounted so the end with the connections faces inside the computer.
The back end of the hard drive contains a port for a cable that connects to the motherboard. The type of cable used will depend on the type of drive but is almost always included with a hard drive purchase. Also here is a connection for power from the power supply.
Most hard drives also have jumper settings on the back end that define how the motherboard is to recognize the drive when more than one is present. These settings vary from drive to drive so check with your hard drive manufacturer for details.

Motherboard

2009-06-23T07:44:00.000-07:00

What is a Motherboard?
The motherboard serves to connect all of the parts of a computer together. The CPU, memory, hard drives, optical drives, video card, sound card and other ports and expansion cards all connect to the motherboard directly or via cables.
The motherboard can be thought of as the "back bone" of the computer.
The Motherboard is Also Known As
mainboard, mobo (abbreviation), MB (abbreviation), system board, logic board
Important Motherboard Facts
Motherboards, cases and power supplies all come in different sizes called form factors. All three must be compatible to work properly together.
Motherboards vary greatly in respect to the types of components they support. For example, each motherboard supports a single type of CPU and a short list of memory types. Additionally, some video cards, hard drives and other peripherals may not be compatible. The motherboard manufacturer should provide clear guidance on component compatibilities.
Popular Motherboard Manufacturers
ASUS, AOpen, Intel, ABIT, MSI, Gigabyte, Biostar
Motherboard Description
The motherboard is mounted inside the case, opposite the most easily accessible side. It is securely attached via small screws through pre-drilled holes.
The front of the motherboard contains ports that all of the internal components connect to. A single socket/slot houses the CPU. Multiple slots allow for one or more memory modules to be attached. Other ports reside on the motherboard which allow the floppy drive, hard drive and optical drive to connect via ribbon cables. Small wires from the front of the computer case connect to the motherboard to allow the power, reset and LED lights to function. Power from the power supply is delivered to the motherboard by use of a specially designed port.
Also on the front of the motherboard are a number of peripheral card slots. These slots are where most video cards, sound cards and other expansion cards are connected to the motherboard.
On the left side of the motherboard (the side that faces the back end of the case) are a number of ports. These ports allow most of the computer's external peripherals to connect such as the monitor, printer, keyboard, mouse, speakers, phone line, network cable and more. Most motherboards also include USB and FireWire ports here that allow compatible devices to connect to your computer when you need them - devices like digital still and video cameras.
The motherboard and case are designed so that when peripheral cards are used, the sides of the cards fit just outside the back end, making their ports available for use.

How to fix BlueScreen (STOP) errors that cause Windows Vista to shut down or restart unexpectedly

2009-06-21T19:13:00.000-07:00

When your computer experiences an unrecoverable hardware or software problem, Windows Vista shuts down or restarts your computer. When this occurs, Vista will sometimes display a blue screen that contains a message that states that "Windows has been shut down to prevent damage to your computer." At other times, Vista displays a message after you log in that indicates that Windows has recovered from a serious error or an unexpected shutdown. Then Vista prompts you to check for a solution to the problem. These errors are known as BlueScreen or STOP errors, and they can be caused by several things.

BlueScreen errors may be caused by either a software problem or a hardware problem. This article contains steps that you can take to try to resolve only software problems. If you cannot resolve the problem by following these steps, you might be experiencing a hardware problem. In that case, you need to contact your computer manufacturer or a computer hardware technician for help with hardware issues.

When a program stops working, Windows can check for a solution for you. Even if Windows didn't find a solution when the problem first occurred, Windows may have found a solution since. Therefore, you should try this method first. To check whether Windows has found solutions, follow these steps:
1. Click Start, and then click Control Panel. Or point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.
2. In Control Panel, double-click Problem Reports and Solutions. Or click System and Maintenance, and then click Problem Reports and Solutions.
3. In Problems Reports and Solutions, in the Tasks pane (on the upper left side of the window), click Check for new solutions. Windows will check for solutions to problems. This process may take a few minutes or more.
4. If a message is displayed indicating No new solutions found, click Close. Or, if any links appear under Solutions to install or Information about other problems, click each of the links and follow the steps provided to solve those problems.
Note: Some problems and solutions can only be viewed and fixed by an administrator. Therefore, you must log on to the computer by using an administrator account to view and fix these problems.

Blue Screen of Death (STOP Message)

2009-06-21T17:50:00.000-07:00

Abbreviated as BSOD or BSoD, the blue screen of death is the popularized name for what is technically called a STOP message or STOP error. It's the blue, full screen error that often displays after a serious system crash.
The text on the blue screen of death lists the files involved in the crash including any drivers that may have been at fault and a short, usually cryptic, description of what to do about the problem.
Most importantly, the BSOD includes a STOP code that can be used to troubleshoot this specific STOP error.
Important: By default, most Windows installations are programmed to automatically restart after a BSOD which makes reading the STOP error code impossible. Before you can do any troubleshooting you'll need to to prevent this automatic restart:

Optimize Windows XP

2009-06-21T17:39:00.000-07:00

Whether by your own installation or on a new computer, Windows XP doesn't come configured just for you. In fact, it probably isn't ready for use out-of-the-box by anyone at all! By default, a number of options are turned on that no one really uses and other settings are configured in ways that benefit very few.
Spend some time using some of these resources to better configure your Windows XP PC. These small changes can help speed up your computer, better prepare you for disaster, and make your daily experience using your computer a little less frustrating.

Here are some that I do on my own computer that anyone can do without much computer expertice.

- Disable Error Reporting in Windows XP
The error reporting feature in Windows XP is turned on by default but you may want to disable error reporting for privacy concerns, if you're not connected to the Internet all the time, or to simply stop being alerted by it.
Error reporting works by prompting you after a critical error in the operating system or in other programs and asking permission to notify Microsoft about it. This way, Microsoft can gather technical information about serious errors from millions of users, helping them develop fixes and service packs.

1. Click on Start and then Control Panel.
2. Click on the Performance and Maintenance link.
Note: If you're viewing the Classic View of Control Panel, double-click on the System icon and skip to Step 4.
3. Under the or pick a Control Panel icon section, click on the System link.
4. In the System Properties window, click on the Advanced tab.
5. Near the bottom of the window, click on the Error Reporting button.
6. In the Error Reporting window that appears, choose the Disable error reporting radio button and click the OK button.
Note: I would recommend leaving the But notify me when critical errors occur checkbox checked. You probably still want Windows XP to notify you about the error, just not Microsoft.
7. Click the OK button on the System Properties window
8. You can now close the Control Panel or Performance and Maintenance window

-Disable Taskbar Button Grouping
Have you ever "lost" a window because it was grouped with other windows in the taskbar at the bottom of your Windows XP or Vista PC?
Taskbar grouping may be handy for some but for most it's just an annoyance. Stop Windows from doing this once and for all.

1. Right-click on the Taskbar, the bar that sits on the bottom of the screen, anchored by the Start button on the left and the clock on the right.
2, Click on Properties in the menu that pops up.
3. Locate the Taskbar appearance options at the top of the window and uncheck the Group similar taskbar buttons checkbox.
Note: If you're not sure exactly how this option will affect your system, the small graphic at the top of this window will change to demonstrate the difference. (The screen shot on this page shows these options in Windows Vista, but the Windows XP options are very similar.)
4. Click the OK or Apply button to confirm the changes. If prompted, follow any additional on screen directions.

-Disable the Automatic Restart on System Failure in Windows XP
Windows XP is programmed by default to restart immediately after a major error, like one that causes a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD). This reboot happens too fast to record the error message for use in troubleshooting.
Follow these easy steps to disable the automatic restart feature for system failures in Windows XP.
1. Navigate to the Control Panel in Windows XP by left-clicking on Start, followed by Settings and then choosing Control Panel.
2. In the Control Panel window, open System.
Note: In Microsoft Windows XP, depending on how your operating system is setup, you may not see the System icon. To correct this, click on the link on the left-hand side of the Control Panel window that says Switch to Classic View.
3. In the System Properties window, click on the Advanced tab.
4. Locate the Startup and Recovery area and click on the Settings button.
5. In the Startup and Recovery window, locate and uncheck the check box next to Automatically restart.
6. Click OK in the Startup and Recovery window.
7. Click OK in the System Properties window.
8. From now on, when a problem causes a BSOD or another major error that halts the system, the PC will not automatically reboot. Rebooting manually will be necessary.

-Disable the Windows XP Splash Screen
The Windows XP logo that shows up during the boot process (called the "splash screen") can be nice to look at, but it does slow your computer down slightly. Disabling this splash screen can help you boot up a little faster.
Follow these simple steps to disable the Windows XP splash screen using the System Configuration Utility, sometimes referred to as msconfig.

1. Click on Start, then Run, type the following command in the search box, and then hit the Enter key.
msconfig
This command will load the System Configuration Utility program.
Note: Do not make changes in the System Configuration Utility other than those outlined here to avoid causing serious system issues. This utility controls a number of startup activities other than those involved with disabling the splash screen.
2. Click on the BOOT.INI tab located at the top of the System Configuration Utility window.
3. Check the checkbox next to /NOGUIBOOT and click OK.
4. You will then be prompted to either Restart, which will restart the PC immediately, or Exit 6. Without Restart, which will close the window and allow you to restart the PC manually.
5. After the restart, the PC will boot into Windows XP without showing the splash screen. This will result in a slightly faster boot time.
Note: Windows XP will continue to boot in this manner until the System Configuration Utility is configured to again boot normally.
Tips:
To re-enable the Windows XP splash screen during boot, follow the instructions above to enter the System Configuration Utility but this time choose the Normal Startup radio button and click OK.

How to fix common User32.dll file errors

2009-06-21T16:43:00.000-07:00

When you try to use a program on your computer, you receive an error that includes the User32.dll file in its description. This problem may occur for several reasons. This Blog contains general step-by-step methods that you can use to try to resolve this problem. The step-by-step procedures in this article will not take very much time to be completed.

- What is the User32.dll file?
Windows stores instructions for graphical elements such as dialog boxes and windows in the User32.dll file. The User32.dll file is necessary to the operation of Windows. If this file is damaged, deleted, or removed, the system will no longer work correctly. If a program or a service accesses User32.dll incorrectly, the program or the service will not work correctly. User32.dll errors are typically corrected by repairing the User32.dll file or by reinstalling the program, the hardware component, or the driver that is causing the error. If these procedures do not correct the User32.dll error, you can restore your computer to a condition before the error appeared by using the Windows System Restore feature.

- Error messages are the most common symptom of User32.dll problems. User32.dll error messages describe the source of the error and indicate that the User32.dll file is involved in the error. Here is an example of a User32.dll error message: program Illegal system DLL relocation.

In this example, program refers to the name of a program that caused the User32.dll error message. This blog discusses some common causes of User32.dll error messages. Additionally, this blog contains some common resolution methods. Start with the first resolution method, and if the problem that you are experiencing persists, go to the next method.

The User32.dll problem that you are experiencing may be addressed by a Windows product update. To open Windows Update, follow these steps:
1. Click Start, and then click Run.
2. Copy and paste (or type) the following command in the Run box, and then press ENTER:
wupdmgr
I recommend that you update your antivirus software after you run Windows Update.
Now try to perform the task that resulted in the User32.dll error message, and the error message does not appear, you are finished! If not go to the next method.

- If the User32.dll error message appeared during or after you installed a program, a hardware component, or a driver, uninstall the program, the hardware component, or the driver. Then restart Windows, and reinstall the program, the hardware component, or the driver.

In Windows Vista: For information about how to reinstall programs, hardware or drivers in Windows Vista, click Start, click Help and Support, and then click Troubleshooting. You can also search for "uninstall or change a program," for "install a program," or for "installing new hardware."
In Windows XP: For information about how to repair programs, hardware, or drivers in Windows XP, click Start, click Help and Support, and then click Fixing a problem. You can also search for "add a program" or for "using add hardware."

Manually update drivers
It is best to let Windows automatically install drivers for your hardware. You should avoid manually updating a driver unless Windows is unable to find a driver for one of your devices, and you were able to obtain a driver some other way. Or, you may have to manually update a driver if technical support personnel ask you to install drivers from a disc or from the device manufacturer's Web site. If you decide to manually update a driver, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, and then click Run.
2. Copy and paste (or type) the following command in the Run box, and press ENTER:
devmgmt.msc
3. If you are prompted for an administrator password or for confirmation, type the password, or provide confirmation.
4. In Device Manager, locate the device that you want to update, and then double-click the device name.
5. Click the Driver tab, click Update Driver, and then follow the instructions.

Determine what programs are using User32.dll
If you are not sure which programs on your computer are using User32.dll, use the Tasklist command-line tool to determine the programs that are currently using User32.dll. The Tasklist command-line tool displays the names of all programs that currently use User32.dll. To use Tasklist, follow these steps:
1. Click Start, and then click Run.
2. Copy and paste (or type) the following command in the Run box, and then press ENTER:
cmd
3. Type the following command, and then press ENTER: tasklist /m User32.dll
If you try to perform the task that resulted in the User32.dll error message, and the error message does not appear, you are finished! If the error message still appears, go to the next method.

- You can use Windows System Restore feature to restore Windows Vista and Windows XP to a time before you received the User32.dll error.
Recommend that you run Windows Update after you perform a system restore. For more information, see Method 1. Also recommend that you update your antivirus software after you run Windows Update.

-Start your computer in safe mode, and use System Restore
If you cannot start System Restore, you can use Windows safe mode to start System Restore.
Start System Restore from a command prompt
Applies to all editions of Windows Vista.
You can start System Restore from a command prompt window if you can't start your computer in any mode other than safe mode with command prompt.
1. Start your computer in safe mode with command prompt.
2. At the command prompt, type rstrui.exe, and then press ENTER. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.
Note If you use System Restore when the computer is in safe mode, you can't undo the restore operation. However, you can run System Restore again and choose a different restore point if one exists.
Remember to do Update afterward. That should do it, if not you are in more seriuous trouble than thos blog can help, maybe I'll do a more advance section of how to fix this problem later on.

How To Install a Video Card.

2009-06-21T08:26:00.000-07:00

1. It's a relatively simple process that I won't go into detail on too much. When choosing your new video card, look to see what type Motherboard you have so you determine which you can use. Does your Motherboard have AGP or PCI-E(PCI-E X8, or X16), can they run SLI or Crossfire? Now, make sure you have the latest drivers for the video card (from the CD that the video card came with or better yet from the manufacturer's website). Have them unzipped on your hard drive and ready to go! This way when Windows asks for the drivers they are ready for you.
1. You now need to remove the driver files for the current video card you are using. See if you have something on your Start Menu to do this with - i.e. go through your start menu and look for tools for your video card. Under the tools for your video card, there may be an option to uninstall the drivers. Do this. Then right click on the My Computer Icon on your Desktop and go to Properties. Click on Device Manager and double click on Display Adapters. Click on your current video card that is listed there and press the remove button. You will then want to shut down your computer.
3. Unplug your monitor cable from the video card. Open the case and remove the video card by first unscrewing the screw that holds it in the slot. Then gently pull the card out of its slot. Gently insert the new video card (it may require a little force, but not very strong). Screw it in place as well. Restart the computer and tell Windows where you placed the new drivers. Windows will install the new drivers and ask you to restart your computer. Do so, and when it restarts, right click on your wallpaper and go to properties to set up your resolution and color depth. Now you're finished! Fire up that game you've been wanting to try out!

How to install a new Hard Drive

2009-06-21T08:14:00.000-07:00

1. Remove the case cover. Make sure you have room for another hard drive! You need to have an extra connector on an IDE cable (or an extra connector on the motherboard for which you would need to get another IDE cable). Just look in your case for the IDE cable(s) attached to your hard drive and CD-ROM drive. If there are extra connectors on the cable, you're in business. If there are no extra connectors, but there is another cable or a connection for another IDE cable (would need to be the same size and right next to the currently used IDE connector on the motherboard) then you are also okay but may need to get a new IDE cable. Next, make sure you have a place where the hard drive can be installed! There should be a 3 1/2 inch bay for an extra hard drive (but not in all cases). If not, you don't want to get a new hard drive because it is unsave to have it in your case not properly mounted. Last, make sure that the cable will be able to reach where you plan on putting the hard drive! If it can't reach without some reorganization of the cables, there's not much you can do!
2. Provided you have room for the hard drive, check all your current IDE devices to see what the jumper settings are. Most IDE devices (Hard Drive, CD, etc.) will have jumpers that will match up to a description somewhere on the device of what those jumpers mean. Your current hard drive should be set as master. For each cable, if there are two devices on it, one should be Master, and one should be Slave according to the jumpers. Keep this in mind when installing your new hard drive. You will usually want your hard drive to be master unless there is another hard drive on the cable (then one must be master and the other slave) i.e. if there is a CD-ROM drive on the cable you are putting it on, you will want to change the CD-ROM drive to slave and set the new hard drive as master. You also want to have your boot hard drive as the Primary Master (one IDE connector is Primary, the other is Secondary, labeled on your motherboard).
3. Place the hard drive in a proper bay (preferably where it will receive good air flow to keep it cool). You will want the silver side of the hard drive to be on top, and the connector facing towards the motherboard so that you can plug it in. Find an extra power cord (from your power supply) and connect it to the hard drive (you can buy splitters if you don't have extra power connectors). Plug your IDE cable into the hard drive. Close up your case and you are done installing a new Hard Drive into your computer, now just boot it up and use.

404 Not Found Error

2009-06-20T21:31:00.000-07:00

404 Not Found error messages are often customized by each website, especially very large ones, so keep in mind that this error may present itself in more ways than these that I'll list here(I'll only do the Common ones.)

"404 Error"
"Page cannot be displayed"
"Internet Explorer cannot display the webpage"
"404: Not Found"
"The page cannot be found"
"Error 404: NOT FOUND"
"HTTP 404 - File not found"
"Not Found

The 404 Not Found error is an HTTP Status Code that means that the page you were trying to reach could not be found on the web site's server.

Try these steps:
- Retry the web page by clicking the refresh/reload button or trying the URL from the address bar again. The 404 Not Found error has been known to appear on occasion even if there is no real issue so a simple refresh will often load the page you were looking for.
- Check for Errors in the URL. Often times the 404 Not Found error appears because the URL was typed wrong or the link that was clicked on points to the wrong URL.
- Move up one directory level at a time in the URL until you find something. For example, if www.w.com/a/b/c.htm gave you the 404 Not Found error, move up to www.w.com/a/b/. If you get nothing here, move up to www.w.com/a/. This should lead you toward what you're looking for or at least confirm that it's no longer available.
- If you move all the way up to the website's main page, try to run a search for the information you're looking for. If a search function isn't available, try finding your information by using links from this page to dig deeper into the site.
- Test the page at downforeveryoneorjustme.com. Just enter the webpage in this online tool and it will tell you just that - if the site is down for everyone, or if the problem is on your end somewhere.
- Finally, if all else fails, you may want to attempt to contact the webmaster for information on where you might locate the page you're looking for. The webmaster of most Internet sites can be reached via email at webmaster@website.com, replacing website.com with the actual website name.

PC Parts

2009-06-20T11:43:00.000-07:00

Let's take a look at the main components of a typical desktop computer:

- Central processing unit (CPU) - The microprocessor "brain" of the computer system is called the central processing unit. It's a chip that holds a complete computational engine. It uses assembly language as its native language. Everything that a computer does is overseen by the CPU.

- Memory - This is very fast storage used to hold data. It has to be fast because it connects directly to the microprocessor. There are several specific types of memory in a computer:

- Random-access memory (RAM) - Used to temporarily store information with which the computer is currently working

- Read-only memory (ROM) - A permanent type of memory storage used by the computer for important data that doesn't change

- Basic input/output system (BIOS) - A type of ROM that is used by the computer to establish basic communication when the computer is first powered on

- Caching - The storing of frequently used data in extremely fast RAM that connects directly to the CPU

- Virtual memory - Space on a hard disk used to temporarily store data and swap it in and out of RAM as needed

- Flash memory - a solid state storage device, Flash memory requires no moving parts and retains data even after the computer powers off

- Motherboard - This is the main circuit board to which all of the other internal components connect. The CPU and memory are usually on the motherboard. Other systems may be found directly on the motherboard or connected to it through a secondary connection. For example, a sound card can be built into the motherboard or connected through an expansion slot.

- Power supply - An electrical transformer regulates the electricity used by the computer.Hard disk - This is large-capacity permanent storage used to hold information such as programs and documents. Traditional hard drives contain moving parts -- the drive has platters on which it stores data. The drive spins the platters to record and read data. But some newer hard drives are flash-based with no moving parts. These drives are called solid-state drives.

- Operating system - This is the basic software that allows the user to interface with the computer.

- Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Controller - This is the primary interface for the hard drive, CD-ROM and floppy disk drive.

- Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) - This is a very high-speed connection used by the graphics card to interface with the computer.

- Sound card - This is used by the computer to record and play audio by converting analog sound into digital information and back again.

- Graphics card - This translates image data from the computer into a format that can be displayed by the monitor. Some graphics cards have their own powerful processing units (called a GPU -- graphics processing unit). The GPU can handle operations that normally would require the CPU.

- Ports - In computer hardware terms, a port is an interface that allows a computer to communicate with peripheral equipment.

- Real-time clock - Every PC has a clock containing a vibrating crystal. By referring to this clock, all the components in a computer can synchronize properly.

- CMOS(Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor) - The CMOS and CMOS battery allow a computer to store information even when the computer powers down. The battery provides uninterrupted power.

- Fans, heat sinks and cooling systems - The components in a computer generate heat. As heat rises, performance can suffer. Cooling systems keep computers from overheating.In the next section, we'll look at how your computer connects to the outside world.

Clean Start with Windows.

2009-04-25T20:28:00.000-07:00

I don't even remember how many time I have try everything from CleanWares to RegEdit, Troubleshooting, Tweakings and end up having to reinstall a fresh copy of Windows just so my computer would act right again. Well after a few time of that, I'd learn to using these thing to make it alot less painful.

First off, we need to collect all thing that is your computer, which are hardwares and softwares.

Sometime it is good to get a new harddrive for this if your computer got some age on it, like around two years old(Not saying that you need one, the old one work just fine, but since the last two years after you got your computer, the HD industries had improve quite a bit since then. So the chances are that a new HD will help improve performance with speed and more room for all your Files(AKA Porns). I will not recommend which drive you should buy, since there are so many that are good out there but it may not be good for you, it is all depending how you use your computer, some people use it for gaming which they usually like something like a Raptor, VelociRaptor, or even Solidstate Hard Drive(Too expensive atm.) for faster performance over capacity, some even use raid array to get even more speed out of them, but all those are for more advance user, here I'm just going to tell you the basic so I'll skip all that.

Now let move on to the next thing. You will need to collect all your Softwares part of your computer, what do I mean by this? This mean all, OS(Operating System), Drivers, Applications(Programs like Adobe, Words, Spreadsheet, Games....), and most important part are yours Register Codes and Keys to all those Apps, make sure you have all of them ready, download all new drivers for all your hardwares (This including, motherboard, video card, sound card, Optical drive, and some monitor does use them as well, so what ever drives and softwares you can find for your hardwares, download them before you start disassemble you computer, and those Windows Service Packs as well, put all those in a file that you can find on your current hard drive, USB Drive, or on a CD-Rom.

Some Apps will require a little more work before you can start installing them on your new hard Drive or reinstall them with the clean OS. Some Apps require deactivation so make sure you will check your apps if they need deactivation before you can reinstall them, so do a little research on how each company goes about these things, like Microsoft apps some will need to be call to be able to reactivate them(Sorry you have to goes about this on your own, I can't help you with this, too many softwares for me to do research for you). Some of your apps need even more work like ITunes, so make sure you do hings like copy your ITunes files and save it in a safe place (ITunes files should be in the likes of this C:\Documents and Settings\\My Documents\My Music\ITunes), after making a copy and put it in a safe place then you may want to Deauthorize the computer from ITunes, so that when you install the new OS and Reauthorize it you can use it to have access to any protected content that you previously able to. I think with ITunes you can only have 5 computers Authorize to one account.

Now that you got everything you'll need for a minty fresh OS on your computer, let us say goodbye to that old trusty but bloated OS you've been so familiar to. So let /wave to that old OS, then /Start, /Shut Down, then turn off the PSU power switch, unplug the sucker......

Alright now we are ready to beginning the process of install the new OS on this computer.

For the next part Please read the whole paragraph before you do anything or else don't come crying to me after.

Take that big ugly box that we call a computer, the OS, all your softwares, plus the brand spanking new Hard Drive, throw them all in the washer and turn to Heavy Duty, hopefully when the washer is done you will get a spanking clean computer with a winter fresh OS on it.... Uh oh, that didn't work..... Just kidding.

Take the cover off your computer case and install the new hard drive into it (I'll not going to go into hardware instruction of how to on this part.) When you are done the replace the cover then power the computer on, then go into Bios(not going to cover this part either since different computer have different way of getting into Bios but the norm for a standard motherboard would be hit the Del key.) and set the Boot Order to Optical Drive first. Then put the OS disc in the Optical Drive (CD Drive, DVD Drive....)

We going to use Windows Vista as our OS. When the option open asking you to choose the drive that you want to install Windows in, choose the new hard drive that's clean as a baby pre-poop butt. Then choose NTFS as format. Install Windows including all service packs. Then install drivers, first should be your chipset driver and reboot after it's done just so it will use the newly installed chipset drivers. Then you can install the rest of the drivers. After that you should be able to connect to the internet by then and update Windows. After the updates are done, set up your Windows just the way you like it to be, things like screensaver and so.

OK now it is time to move all the saved data from the old OS, like ITunes, Oh don't forget that big ars Porns file over there /point., Over to the new drive. After all this is done, we are pretty much done with the operation. Your Windows should now working at it's optimal, the only thing left to do is to make sure we don't have to go through all this again in a month or two cus we've been browsing prons and catch some serious viruses. Well let us protect ourselves against that should we, what we need top do is to make a Disk Image of this pristine setup by using something like Acronis True Image and make a copy and save it onto a DVD or the old hard drive(after formating) and tuck it away and we are done. So the next time your computer getting slow or full of spywares, viruses, all you have to do is use that disk image and restore your computer to this pristine state again without having to do those thing we had done above.

Well this is done, so Gl with your project and have fun. If you F**kit up don't come crying to me since I've already stated above "Use as your own risk."